Ramming device on the diesel principle



Aug. 1, 1939. M. KIECKSEE 2,167,983

RAMMING DEVICE ON THE DIESEL PRINCIPLE Filed April 22, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l We. W

Patented Aug. 1, 1939 I RAMMING DEVICE ON THE DIESEL PRINCIPLE Max Kiecksee, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Germany, as-

signor to Meco-Brennkraft-Maschinen G. in. b. H., Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, a corporation of Germany Application April 22, 1936, Serial No. 75,709 In Germany April 30, 1935 9 Claims. (Cl. 123-7) The present invention relates to a power-opcylinder is provided with a cylinder head l erated ram or pile driver, having for its motive which is provided with a central valve mechforce a Diesel engine, thecombustion forces of anism 6, comprising a valve disk 35* which is which act directly upon the drop weight or tup. urged against the valve seat 35 by a spring 38,

An object of the invention is to provide a pile the latter surrounding a valve stem 6 fastened 5 driver having a hammer head which is directly to the disk 35?. A guide disk 9 which is provided connected to the cylinder of a. Diesel engine and with a multiplicity of guide or propeller blades forming therewith the tup of the ram. I0 is fastened to the stem 6. above the valve disk Another object is to provide a pile driver of 35 The blades H) of said disk form guide vanes the aforesaid character in which the air for the for the fluid passing 'therethrough so as to im- 10 combustion of the fuel is compressed in the lower part to it a helical motion through the openings end of the working cylinder. 32 between the blades 10 around the central axis Another object is to provide a pile driver of of the disk. The valve seat 35 forms an inthe aforesaid character in which the fuel injectegral part of the central plug 31 which acts 1:; tion pump is operated by and in accordance with as a guide for the stem 6 and has an abutment l5 movement of the reciprocating tup. for the spring 38 which latter biases the valve Another object is to provide a pile driver with diskto the closed position. A pressure plate 34 a fuel pump which is regulatable. which may be fastened by stay bolts (not shown) Another object is to provide a pile driver with to the cylinder head I5 serves to hold plug 31 a fuel pump the stroke of which varies autoagainst a shoulder in the head.

matically in accordance with the resistance en- -A conduit l3 leads from the lower end of the countered by the follower. cylinder interior to a space surrounding thedisk In the drawings: 9. The cylinder is provided with exhaust ports Figure 1 is a vertical central section through 8 which are so located that they connect the the operating mechanism of a machine embodycombustion chamber with the atmosphere when 5 ing the invention, the piston is near its lowest position in the cylin- Fig. 2 is a horizontal section along the line der, while they connect the lower space of the I-1I of Fig. 1, cylinder with atmosphere when the piston is in Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section through its uppermostposition in the cylinder. The upthe upper cylinder head and combustion per cylinder head I5 is also provided with a 30 chamber, cylindrical chamber ll of lesser diameter than Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate some details of the the cylinder proper and located below the valve structure represented by Figs. 1 and 3, 6. A cylindrical extension 12' on the upper side Fig. 6 illustrates a modification of the fuel of the piston 3 and of lesser diameter than champump actuating mechanism, ber ll projects inside this'chamber, so as to 35 7 is a horiZOntal Se t on Of Fig. 6, while greatly reduce its volume and leaving an annular Fig. 8 is still another modification of the fuel space when the piston is at or near its upper pump actuating mechanism. limit of travel. Fuel is injected into the space Referring to Figs. 1 to 5 a piston 3 is provided I! through a nozzle l4 to which it is delivered by with a piston rod l and is arranged inside of the a fuel injection pump 1 mounted on a lug 25 b r of a ylinder 4 which may reciprocate relawhich forms part of the cylinder casting 4. The tive to the piston. The upper p rt Of the Cylinfuel is delivered to the pump through a supply der 4 constitutes the combustion chamber of a pipe 39. The pump is actuated by a piston, the Diesel engine. To cylinder 4 is screwed or otherlower end l6 .of which is extended to form a wise solidly fastened a weight or hammer head 5 piston rod and which abuts the frame ll, while which also forms the lower cylinder head. The an intermediate shoulder thereof limits its downhead 5 is preferably shaped as a solid heavy block ward travel by engagement with an abutment of steel, constituting with the other parts fixedly on the cylinder 4. The pump piston rod is guidattached thereto the principal drop weight or ed in the aforementioned lug 25.- The frame ll, tup of the ram. An anvil or follower 2 normally has'lugs 2| to which are fastened guide rods I8 50 rests on the pile to be driven, and is interposed for' guiding of the cylinder 4. Lugs l9, forming between the pile and the head 5. The follower integral parts of the cylinder 4, slidingly engage is equipped with a guide frame I! to be desaid rods, thus permitting the cylinder 4 and its scribed hereafter. The piston rod I is solidly connected parts to reciprocate relative to the connected to the follower.- At its upper end the anvil 2. The piston 3 is fixedly-connected to 55' the follower 2 by means of the piston rod I which is screwed or otherwise fastened thereto. The frame I! has the general form of a deep vertical substantially semi-circular trough 20 which partly envelops the weight 5 and to which the lugs 2i are attached by strong ribs, so as to form a very solid, durable construction.

The apparatus functions as follows: Operation is started by hoisting the tup with a winch or other hoisting appliance. During the hoisting stroke the piston remains stationary due to its attachment to the follower 2, and it therefore slides towards the lower end of the cylinder, closing the ports 8 against the lower end and compressing the trapped air and forcing it into the upper end through the conduit I3 and the valve 6. The piston rod I6 of the pump I due to its weight follows the frame II, thereby producing a suction stroke and permitting fuel to flow from the tank to the pump I, until further travel is stopped by abutment of the shoulder of the pump piston rod against the cylinder casting 4. After the tup has been brought to its highest position it is released from the hoisting appliance and it drops by gravity. The valve 6 closes and the ports 8 are closed by the piston and the air trapped in the combustion chamber is compressed in the space II and thereby heated to the ignition temperature of the fuel. At the same time the piston rod I6 is moved inwardly and thus fuel is forced through the nozzle I4 into the combustion chamber. This fuel starts to burn whereby the pressure in the combustion chamber is further raised and the tup is again lifted. As the tup rises the ports 8 are closed against the lower space of the cylinder and the air remaining therein is compressed. Shortly thereafter the ports are uncovered toward the combustion chamber, thereby releasing the products of combustion therefrom, while the compressed air from the lower part of the cylinder is forced from the conduit I3 into the combustion space to scour it with fresh air which is given a swirling circular motion against the cylinder walls by the guide disk 9. Ultimately the tup reaches itshighest position and reverses its direction of motion, whereafter the ports 8 are again shut off from the combustion space and the fresh air trapped therein is compressed into the space I I while near the end of the down stroke of the cylinder fuel is again injected as aforedescribed. Thus the cycleis repeated until the fuel supply is shut off.

The nozzle I4 is preferably arranged to inject the fuel into the cylinder in a tangential direction, opposite to that of the swirling air current, in order to be thoroughly atomized and mixed with the incoming air. The downward stroke of the pump piston I6 is preferably limited by an abutment on the cylinder 4 so that the movement of the pump piston is only a fraction of the relative movement of the cylinder 4 with respect to the frame I1, and further so that the injection stroke of the pump starts during the last portion of the downward stroke of the cylinder, that is, when the fresh air in the combustion space is already highly compressed and heated.

In the modification illustrated in Figs. 6 and '7, the pump piston rod I6 is not directly actuated by the movement of the tup, but ends inside of a recessed bore in the lug 25,. concentric with the pump cylinder, which recess bore provides for limiting the downward stroke of the piston. A

pusher rod I6' is guided in axial alinement with the piston IS in two-bores of the frame I1, and a collar 22 is fastened to the rod I6 so as to limit its upward travel by abutment against the frame I! of the follower 2 while a helical spring 23 surrounding the rod I6 is interposed between the collar 22 and the frame H to bias the rod I8 to its highest position. Near its upper end the rod I6 is provided with a second collar 24 which engages the lower face of the lug 25 if the frame l1 does not follow quickly enough the descent of the pile and follower 2. For this purpose the spring 23 is so proportioned and pre-compressed that it is not further compressed by the maximum resistance created by the fluid pressure in the pump when the rod Iii pushes the piston I6 upwardly to deliver fuel to the cylinder, but the spring will yield when the collar 24 engages the abutment on lug 25 due to the larger force acting thereupon on the rod I6.

Fig. 8 illustrates another method of operating the injection pump I. In this case the pump piston rod I6 is actuated by a cam 29 which is rotatably mounted on a pivot 36, the pivot 36, like the pump I being rigidly mounted 'to the cylinder of the machine. The cam is provided with a double ended lever 26 which is rigidly connected to it. One arm of the lever carries a weight 21 which tends to rotate the cam, while a spring 28 is interposed between the lever 26 and the cylinder to bias the cam to the position shown in Fig. 8. The second arm 30 of the lever 26 is arranged to abut in the lowermost position of the cylinder an adjustable stop 3| which is mounted on a frame 32 which latter in turn is connected to the follower frame II. When the cylinder nears its lower limit of travel, the abutment 3i turns the cam 29 clockwise, thereby moving the piston rod inwardly and causing fuel to be delivered to the cylinder, which fuel is pro-ignited. When the cylinder strikes the anvil 2, the inertia of the weight 21 causes a further clockwise rotation of the cam and further injection of fuel into the cylinder, thus lifting again the cylinder to repeat the cycle. Adjustment of the stop 3i provides for regulation of the beginning of the injection period, while adjustment of the length of the lever arms and shifting of the weight 21 provide for adjustment of the duration of the injection period.

The modification just describedassures a very soft operation of the injection pump with a minimum of impact between the pump piston and the operating element therefor, thus avoiding any tendency of rebounding, such as may result from other methods of operation. It will be obvious that the mechanism just described may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, a vertically reciprocable hollow tup, a unitary structure comprising afollower and a piston, a combustion space between the piston and the top of the mo. an inlet valve for said combustion space, a suction space between the piston and the bottom of the tup, a conduit between said suction space and said valve, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, and means actuated by the relative movement of the tup and the piston to supply fuel to said combustion space.

2. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head, with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said piston rod and provided with guides for said tup, an inlet valve opening into said cumbustion space, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, and means to inject fuel into said combustion space while said tup is near the limit of its downward travel,

3. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head, with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction spacebelow the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said piston rod and provided with guides for said tup, an inlet valve opening into said combustion space, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, a fuel injection nozzle for said combustion space, and a fuel injection pump connected to said nozzle and provided with mechanism to actuate it by the relative movement of said tup and said follower and thereby cause said pump to supply fuel to said nozzle.

4. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head having a compression chamber, with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and having an extension which partially extends into said chamber and reduces its free volume when the piston is at the upper end of the cylinder, said piston dividing said cylinder into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said piston rod and provided with guides for said tup, an inlet valve opening into said chamber, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, a fuel injection nozzle for said combustion space, and a fuel injection pump connected to said nozzle and provided with mechanism to actuate it by the relative movement of said tup and said follower and thereby cause said pump to supply fuel to said nozzle.

5. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said piston rod and including an upwardly extending frame partially surrounding said hammer head, guide rods and cooperating slide bearings attached to said follower and said tup respectively, to permit relative sliding movement therebetween, an inlet valve opening into said combustion space, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, a fuel injection nozzle for said combustion space, and a fuel injection pump connected to said nozzle and provided with mechanism to actuate it by the relative movement of said tup and said follower and thereby cause said pump to supply fuel to said nozzle.

6, In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head, with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly conand provided with an actuating member normally biased to a given position, and an abutment on said follower for engagement with said actuating member to move it to another position when said tup is near the limit of its downward movement, to thereby cause said pump to supply fuel tosaid nozzle.

7. In a two cycle I esel motor operated pile driver or the like, a vertically reciprocable hollow tup, a unitary structure comprising a follower and a piston, a combustion space between the piston and the top of the tup, an inlet valve for said combustion space, a guide disk associated with said valve and adapted to impart to fluid passing into said combustion space through said valve a circumferential motion, a suction space between the piston and the bottom of the tup, a conduit between said suction space and said valve, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, and means actuated by the relative movement of the tup and the piston to supply fuel to said combustion space.

8. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or thelike, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said piston rod and provided with guides for said tup, an inlet valve opening into said combustion space, air suction and gas exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, a fuel injection nozzle for said combustion space, a fuel injection pump attached to said tup and connected to said nozzle and provided with an actuating member normally biased to a given position, an abutment member, yieldingly attached to said follower and adapted to engage said actuating member to'operate the same to another position and cause said pump to supply fuel to said nozzle when said tup is near the limit of its downward movement, said abutment being further adapted to yield after said actuating member has been moved a given distance, upon further downward movement of said tup.

9. In a two cycle Diesel motor operated pile driver or the like, the combination of a vertically reciprocable tup comprising, a combined lower cylinder head and hammer head, a cylinder and an upper cylinder head with a relatively stationary piston for said cylinder and dividing the latter into a suction space below the piston and a combustion space above the piston, a piston rod connected to said piston and extending through said hammer head, a follower to receive the impact of said hammer head fixedly connected to said go piston rod and provided with guides for said tup,

an inlet valve opening into said combustion space, air suction and exhaust ports communicable with the respective spaces, a conduit connecting said suction space with said valve, a fuel injection nozzle for said combustion space, a fuel injection pump attached to said tup and connected to said nozzle and provided with an actuating member normally biased to a given position, a cam pivotally attached to said tup for rotation about a horizontal axis and adapted to engage said actuating meinber and move it a variable distance from said given position to another position and cause said pump to supply fuel to said nozzle when said tup is near the limit of its downward movement, said cam having its center of gravity eccentric to its pivot and being normally biased to a given angular position and actuable by the deceleration of the tup to another angular position. M

MAX KIECKSEE. 

